Bridging the digital simulator with physical medical sensors via precision analog-to-digital hardware fixtures.
Surface electrocardiograms produce voltages between 0.1 mV and 5 mV. The HIL fixture utilizes 24-bit digital-to-analog converters with low-noise instrumentation amplifiers to drive physical ECG lead wires with realistic electrode impedance mismatch.
Automated test benches inject baseline wander, 50/60 Hz mains interference, electromyographic noise, and loose lead disconnections, certifying that device safety watchdogs trigger in accordance with IEC 60601-2-27.