Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Rig Architecture for Life-Critical Medical Firmware

Bridging the digital simulator with physical medical sensors via precision analog-to-digital hardware fixtures.

Sub-Microvolt Biological Voltage Emulation

Surface electrocardiograms produce voltages between 0.1 mV and 5 mV. The HIL fixture utilizes 24-bit digital-to-analog converters with low-noise instrumentation amplifiers to drive physical ECG lead wires with realistic electrode impedance mismatch.

Automated Fault Injection and Stress Testing

Automated test benches inject baseline wander, 50/60 Hz mains interference, electromyographic noise, and loose lead disconnections, certifying that device safety watchdogs trigger in accordance with IEC 60601-2-27.

Direct galvanic isolation and low-noise shielding for defibrillator shock testing
Sub-millisecond synchronization between physiological model and HIL output
Automated regression testing suites running thousands of permutations per CI/CD build

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